Pharmacovigilance plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and efficacy of medicines throughout their lifecycle. With the increasing complexity of drug therapy, polypharmacy, and global drug distribution, monitoring adverse drug reactions (ADRs) has become a critical public health responsibility. This project explores pharmacovigilance as a systematic framework designed to detect, assess, understand, and prevent adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. Through an extensive review of published review articles and regulatory documents, this study synthesizes existing evidence on pharmacovigilance systems, reporting mechanisms, signal detection methodologies, and regulatory practices. Key challenges such as underreporting, lack of awareness among healthcare professionals, and limitations of spontaneous reporting systems are highlighted. The findings emphasize the need for strengthened pharmacovigilance infrastructure, improved reporting culture, and integration of advanced data analytics. The study concludes that a robust pharmacovigilance framework significantly contributes to safer therapeutic practices and improved patient outcomes.

Samaraddhi Vishwakarma , Akshay Kumar

September 2, 2026

The study was designed to formulate Repaglinide-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) and assess their ability to improve the drug's solubility and dissolution characteristics, with the ultimate aim of enhancing its oral delivery potential. Five formulations of Repaglinide-loaded NLCs (F1-F5) were developed by employing a combination of hot homogenization and ultrasonication. Compritol 888 ATO and Miglyol 812 were selected as the solid and liquid lipid components, respectively, while different concentrations and ratios of surfactants were investigated. Following optimization, the selected NLC formulation was lyophilized and converted into a tablet dosage form. The optimized formulation was further subjected to accelerated stability testing. Pre-formulation characterization established the identity and purity of Repaglinide and confirmed its lipophilic nature, as indicated by a log P value of 2.56. Comparative evaluation of the prepared NLCs identified F5 as the most promising formulation. F5 produced nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 79.3 ± 1.6 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.182, reflecting a relatively uniform particle-size distribution. The formulation exhibited a zeta potential of −31.2 ± 0.8 mV and achieved an entrapment efficiency of 92.1 ± 1.2%. The tablet prepared from F5 demonstrated markedly improved in-vitro drug release, reaching 95.4 ± 2.0% within 60 min, whereas the marketed conventional tablet exhibited only 64.2% release over the same period. The developed Repaglinide NLC system demonstrated substantial improvement in drug entrapment and dissolution performance compared with the conventional marketed formulation. Formulation F5, in particular, showed favorable nanoscale characteristics, high entrapment efficiency, enhanced drug release, and satisfactory stability. These findings support the potential of NLC technology as an effective lipid-based strategy for improving the oral delivery of Repaglinide and may contribute to improved therapeutic performance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Radhika Kumari, Swatantra Kumar Singh Kushwaha, Diptee Gupta

September 2, 2026

Hypertension is a major global health challenge and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and renal complications. Despite effective pharmacological treatment, inadequate blood-pressure control and treatment-related limitations have increased interest in complementary approaches. Nutraceuticals, including medicinal plants, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, polyphenols, probiotics, and functional foods, have demonstrated potential antihypertensive effects through modulation of nitric oxide availability, endothelial function, oxidative stress, inflammation, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and renal sodium balance. This review focuses on the clinical significance of nutraceuticals in hypertension, with particular emphasis on Indian research and traditional resources such as garlic, amla, moringa, turmeric, fenugreek, and millet-based foods. Available evidence, mechanisms of action, safety, standardization, and potential integration with conventional therapy are discussed. Although several nutraceuticals show promising blood-pressure-lowering effects, variations in dosage, formulation, bioavailability, and clinical study quality remain important limitations. Further standardized, large-scale clinical trials are required to establish their long-term efficacy and safety. Nutraceuticals may therefore serve as useful adjuncts to conventional hypertension management when supported by appropriate clinical evidence.

Hardik Agrahari, Dr. Vimal Kumar Yadav, Akanksha Singh

September 2, 2026

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most critical global public health challenges of the 21st century, significantly compromising the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics and increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. In this context, plant-derived therapeutics have gained considerable scientific attention owing to their diverse bioactive phytoconstituents and broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential. Medicinal plants contain a wide range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, and essential oils, which exhibit antimicrobial activity through multiple mechanisms, such as disruption of microbial cell membranes, inhibition of biofilm formation, suppression of quorum sensing, modulation of efflux pumps, and interference with nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Additionally, synergistic combinations of phytochemicals with conventional antibiotics have demonstrated promising potential for enhancing antibiotic activity and overcoming specific resistance mechanisms. This review comprehensively discusses recent advances in plant-derived antimicrobial agents, their mechanisms of action, activity against MDR pathogens, antibiotic-adjuvant potential, and emerging technological approaches for improving their therapeutic efficacy. Overall, plant-derived therapeutics represent a promising and sustainable avenue for the discovery and development of complementary antimicrobial strategies to address the growing global burden of AMR.

Deeksha Rathor, Pushpendra Kumar, Km. Neha, Km Mohinee, Prachi Kushwaha

September 2, 2026